SSRIs may change personality for the better
| Researchers randomly assigned 240 participants with major depressive disorder, or MMD, to take a placebo for eight weeks, paroxetine for 16 weeks or receive cognitive therapy for 16 weeks. Their personalities and depressive symptoms were assessed before, during and after treatment. After treatment with paroxetine or with cognitive therapy, responders were followed for a year to assess depression relapse.
Patients taking paroxetine experienced moderately greater depression improvement than those receiving placebo. In contrast, changes in neuroticism and in extraversion were far greater for patients taking paroxetine, relative to those receiving placebo, with cognitive therapy in between. Patients taking paroxetine reported 6.8 times as much change on neuroticism and 3.5 times as much change on extraversion as placebo patients.
"Our findings lead us to propose a new model of antidepressant mechanism," said lead author Tony Z. Tang of Northwestern University. "Our data suggests that modern antidepressants work partly by correcting key personality risk factors of depression."
Not only is high neuroticism a key risk factor of depression, but studies also have found substantial overlap in the genes associated with high neuroticism and the genes associated with depression. Also, both neuroticism and extraversion are associated with the brain's serotonin system, which is targeted by these popular antidepressants.
To summarize: More serotonin is linked to less worrying and more socializing, people who worry less and socialize more are generally happier. If SSRIs make more serotonin available, then changes in personality drive changes in mood and behavior, not the other way around.
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